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Information on trauma

By definition, an experience is traumatic when it defines the way people organise their subsequent perceptions. This means that emotions related to traumatic experiences keep returning and do not fade with time, thus giving the sufferer the despairing feeling that they will never recover.

Emotional consequences from involvement in a traumatic event can include frequent nightmares, flashbacks, anxiety and panic attacks.

These reactions may be experienced by those involved in the trauma but also those who witnessed the trauma, heard about it from others or watched it on the television. Your reaction depends on many factors and some reactions you might experience may appear unrelated to the trauma.

All of these reactions are NORMAL reactions to what is an ABNORMAL event.

For most people these normal reactions to an abnormal event in their lives will slowly fade over a period of approximately 4 weeks. People need this time to cope with the trauma itself, to think about it, talk with others, cry, try to understand and then adapt to moving on with life.

There are also complex neurobiological alterations in both the central and autonomic nervous systems and psychophysiological changes evident in those suffering with PTSD, which makes a 'pull yourself together' response not only unhelpful but completely inappropriate for sufferers.

Click here for more information on trauma.



 
 



The symptoms of trauma

MIND has an excellent factsheet on understanding trauma. View it online here, or download a copy as a pdf here.

Symptoms of trauma can be many and varied. They can also change over time.

The symptoms are generally broken into three categories: intrusive, avoidism and hyperarousal*.

Intrusive symptoms include:
• Recurring thoughts, flashbacks or nightmares about the event
• Psychological distress when experiencing something reminiscent of the trauma
• Physiological response when experiencing something reminiscent of the trauma

Avoidant or numbing symptoms include:
• Avoiding thoughts or feelings connected with the trauma
• Avoiding people / places or things reminiscent of the trauma
• Inability to recall important aspects of the trauma
• Disinterest in significant activities
• Feeling withdrawn, disconnected or different from others
• Feeling pessimistic about the future

Hyperarousal symptoms include:
• Difficulty falling or staying asleep
• Increased or exaggerated startle response (eg jumping when a door slams or a car backfires)
• Hypersensitivity - almost every remark is perceived as critical
• Hypervigilance - acute awareness of the external environment, excessive alertness
• Irritability or outbursts of anger
• Difficulty concentrating

* The symptoms for children may be different, and may include repetitive play in which parts of the trauma are re-enacted.



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